UniCopter-UAV

~ ~ ~ UniCopter-UAV ~ ~ ~

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Overview:

This project may be the design, development and possible construction of a UniCopter for UAV applications.

Currently considering all electric, and perhaps a turbine Genset for initial development. See drawing 1474_Interleaving_All_Electric.dc

Sketches:

Examples of the Interleaving configuration

Engine Driven

Larger view of an earlier version of the above drawing

Motor Driven

Larger view of the above drawing

To increase the size of the above drawings, click on magnifying glass mouse pointer.

Proposed Features:

Intermeshing Configuration and Interleaving Configurations: (lateral symmetry and no tail rotor).

Advancing Blade Concept:
Large Chord and Low Tip Speed: (including 'Absolutely' Rigid Rotors,)

Puller Propeller: To provide faster forward speeds.

Lifting body: Fuselage and spars to assist with lift during forward flight.

Reverse Velocity Utilization: (if it can be done efficiently) To improve lift distribution during faster forward speeds.

Independent Root & Tip Control (possibly, utilizing the Floating Root Method)

Speed controller: To vary the prop's rpm. This will change, the rotor's rpm, in the opposite direction. I.e. slow-speed rotor during cruise. I think that the propeller's RPM will now be fixed. Use("controllable-pitch propeller" OR "variable pitch propeller")

Scaling of UniCopter for UAV:

Most of the craft's features will be scaled down versions of those proposed for the UniCopter.

	Full Size:	Ratio for 50%:	1/2 Scale:	2/5 Scale:	1/3 Scale:	1/4 Scale:	1/8 Scale:	1/12 Scale:
Rotor Radius: ⁽⁷⁾	114" (9.5')	2:1	57" (4.75') ⁽⁵⁾	46" (3.8')	38" (3.167'))	28.5" (2.375')	14.25" (1.1875')	7.1" (0.59375')
Single Disk Area:	40,844²" (284²')	4:1	10,211²" (70.9²')	6,650²" (46.2²')	4,536²" (31.5²')	2,553²" (17.7²')	638²" (4.43²')	1604²" (1.11²')
Total Disk Area:	(302²')	4:1	(80.0²')		(37.6²')	(22.2²')	(6.64²')	(2.1²')
Effective Disk Area	(395²')	4:1	(100.6²')		(45.6²')	(26.1²')	(7.06²')	(2.11²')
Total Gross Weight:	1325 lbs.	8:1	166 lbs	85 lbs	50 lbs	21 lbs	2.6 lbs	0.77 lbs
Disk Loading:	3.99 lb/ft²		2.08 lb/ft²		1.33 lb/ft²	0.94 lb/ft²	0.39 lb/ft²	0.37 lb/ft²
Power: 8:1 (approx.)	165 hp.	8:1	20.1hp, 14,989W⁽⁶⁾	10.6 hp, 7,904W	6.11hp, 4,556W	2.58hp; 1,924W	0.322hp, 240W	0.095hp ≈ 71W. ⁽⁴⁾
Power: ⁽⁷⁾ (approx.)	165 hp.	~	14.58hp, 10,872W⁽⁶⁾	6.6 hp, 4,922W	3.52hp, 2,625W	1.28hp; 954W	0.114hp, 85W	0.027hp ≈ 20W. ⁽⁴⁾
Prop Diameter:	60"	2:1	30" - 76 cm		20" - 51 cm	15" - 38 cm	7.5" - 19 cm	5" - 12.7 cm
Prop RPM: ⁽³⁾	2,291 rpm	?:1	4,582 rpm		6,873 rpm	9,164 rpm	18,327rpm	27,491 rpm
Prop Tip Speed: ⁽³⁾		?:1	600 fps		600 fps	600 fps	600 fps	600 fps
Prop Pitch:	??"		??"		??"	??"	??"	??"
Rotor Tip Speed ⁽¹⁾during hover			481 fps ⁽²⁾		481 fps	481 fps	481 fps	481 fps
Rotor Tip Speed	550 fps		550 fps ⁽²⁾		550 fps	550 fps	550 fps	550 fps
Rotor RPM ⁽²⁾	553	xx	1,106		1,659	2,212	4,424	6,636
Rotor Tip Speed ⁽¹⁾during cruise			387 fps / 2 ??? ⁽²⁾		387 fps / 2 ???	387 fps / 2 ???	387 fps / 2 ???	387 fps / 2 ???
Cruise at mu = 0.4 C *???*			106 mph ⁽²⁾		106 mph ⁽²⁾	106 mph ⁽²⁾	106 mph ⁽²⁾	106 mph ⁽²⁾
Motor Speed:	2,291 rpm	1:2	4,582 rpm		6,873 rpm	9,164 rpm	18,327rpm	27,491 rpm
Motor to Rotor reduction w/ prop locked:	4.14:1		4.14:1		4.14:1	4.14:1	4.14:1	4.14:1
Motor to Rotor reduction w/ prop locked:			6:1		6:1	6:1	6:1	6:1
Prop Speed: 50% of XXXX rpm			6,500 rpm		6,500 rpm	6,500 rpm	6,500 rpm	6,500 rpm
Prop Speed:15 16" at 80% efficiency*			79 mph ⁽¹⁾		79 mph ⁽¹⁾	79 mph ⁽¹⁾	79 mph ⁽¹⁾	79 mph ⁽¹⁾

Eliminate the discrepancy.I suspect that it is the 79 mph that is too low and the pitch will have to be greater (special?). Perhaps greater RPM will go to the propeller then to the rotors. This will increase the speed above 79 mph.

Consider increasing the rotor rpm during hover an, of course, lowering it by 50% ?? for cruise. It will probable mean that the advance ratio is greater than 0.4 during cruise.

Tip speed maximum of 760ft/sec. for optimum efficiency. Should be run around 550 ft/sec for lowest noise.

The maximum power OUT for the AXI 2212/34 (w/ hollow shaft for adjustable pitch prop) is 69 W = 0.0925 hp. Consider 60" to 66" radius

Limbach is 20 hp. Predator is 20.1 hp

May want to increase the diameter of the rotors by perhaps 10-15%. This means that the wormgear ration must be increased slightly to maintain tip speed of 550 fps.

p = (l /L)^7/2 x P: p is power. l/L is the scale of the model. P is power of the full-size craft = 165hp.

Example; 100hp and 1/10 scale is P = (1/10)^7/2 x 100 = (0.1)^3.5 x 10^-2 = 3.16 * 10^-2 ≈ 0.032hp ≈ 24W.
165hp and 1/2 scale is P = (1/2)^7/2 x 165 = (0.5)^3.5 x 165 = 0.088 * 165 ≈ 14.58hp ≈ 10,872W Engine 1 only Predator 30 & 1 only 37?
165hp and 2/5 scale is P = (2/5)^7/2 x 165 = (0.4)^3.5 x 165 = 0.040 * 165 ≈ 6.6hp ≈ 4,922W. Engine 1 only Predator 37?
165hp and 1/3 scale is P = (1/3)^7/2 x 165 = (0.333)^3.5 x 165 = 0.021 * 165 ≈ 3.52hp ≈ 2,625W
165hp and 1/4 scale is P = (1/4)^7/2 x 165 = (0.25)^3.5 x 165 = 0.00016 * 165 ≈ 1.28hp ≈ 954W
165hp and 1/8 scale is P = (1/8)^7/2 x 165 = (0.125)^3.5 x 165 = 0.0007 * 165 ≈ 0.114hp ≈ 85W
165hp and 1/12 scale is P = (1/12)^7/2 x 165 = (0.083)^3.5 x 165 = 0.0078 * 165 ≈ 0.027hp ≈ 20W

~ All material is rough and constantly under revision. ~

UniCopter-UAV Projects:

Interleaving - UniCopter-UAV - 1/2-scale This page.	Overview	Concerns & Tasks
Intermeshing - UniCopter-UAV - 1/4 scale - Electric	Overview
Interleaving - UniCopter-UAV - 1/4 scale - Electric	Overview
Intermeshing - UniCopter-UAV - Full-scale	Overview

Primary Grouping:

DESIGN, MAKE & BUY:

Grey text is currently linked to Full-size UniCopter pages.

The blue text is currently only UniCopter - UAV ~ 1/2 scale, Interleaving

Control - Flight	Control - Power Train	Electrical & Electronic	Dimension, Area & Drag
Rotor	Power Train	Landing Gear	Trim, Stability & Control:
Fuselage	Propeller	Instrument	Vibration
Weight & Balance	Engine / Motor	Exhaust	Special Tool

OTHER:

Aerodynamics	Intermeshing Information	Rotor Concepts:	Thoughtless Ideas:
Flight Dynamics	Helicopters - Outside	Regulations	CNC Workstation
Mechanics	Helicopters - Inside	Composites	Miscellaneous
Electrics

The Future:

Electric future.html

Pilotless future.html

Initially displayed: July 29, 2007 ~ Latest revision; September 14, 2008

The above utility invention is openly and publicly disclosed on the Internet to negate an entity from patenting it, to the exclusion of all others whom may wish to use them. ~ Reference patent law 35 U.S.C. 102 A person shall be entitled to a patent unless - (a) the invention was known ... by others in this country, ..., before the invention thereof by the applicant for patent.