B481

OTHER: - Electrical - Definitions, Acronyms & Algorithms

Definitions and Algorithms related to electrics.

Aerodynamics:	Flight Dynamics:	Mechanics:	Electrical:	Composites:	CNC Workstation:
Definitions & Algorithms	Definitions & Algorithms	Definitions & Algorithms	Definitions & Algorithms	Definitions & Algorithms	Definitions & Algorithms
Symbols	Symbols	Symbols			Symbols

Note: The algorithms are in blue

Ref. Symbols are in Times New Roman 2 sizes up from smallest. Subscripts are increased one size.

See: Access database for procedures running the algorithms and for additional information.

Axial Flux Machine: (Disk Type Machine)

http://www.tip.csiro.au/Machines/papers/iwscem/
http://www.ee.lut.fi/en/research/panukurronen_vaitos.pdf
http://www.ee.kth.se/php/modules/publications/reports/2005/IR-EE-EME_2005_012.pdf
http://www.tip.csiro.au/Machines/papers/iwscem/

http://www.drives.co.uk/news/technews/news_technews454.htm

http://www.nelsonrobotics.org/paper_archive_nelson/nelson-iesn-1999.pdf

http://www.axcomotors.com/axial-flux_technology.html

http://www.premag.com/ and data page http://www.premag.com/products/autoc.htm

DESIGN OF AXIAL-FLUX PERMANENT-MAGNET LOW-SPEED MACHINES AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN RADIAL-FLUX AND AXIAL-FLUX MACHINES ~ http://edu.lut.fi/LutPub/web/isbn9522140309.pdf

Back EMF:

Voltage generated when a permanent magnet motor is rotated; a limiting factor for the high speed torque output of a permanent magnet motor as it is opposite in polarity to the supplied voltage and directly proportional to motor speed.

Bipolar Switching: [Motor control]

A drive that is capable of driving phase current in both directions. A current of either polarity (+ or -).

Brushless DC motor (BLDC):

A DC electric motor that uses an electronically controlled commutation system, instead of a mechanical commutation system.

Capacitance:(C) [farads]

The property of a circuit element that permits it to store charge.

Cogging:

Wikipedia

Coils:

Coils have two electrical properties, namely resistance and inductance.
Coils in motors are most commonly composed of multiple turns of round insulated wire. The centermost circle is the bare conductor. The next outer layer is the wire insulation, which is commonly available in three thicknesses, single, double (or heavy), and triple. The final outer layer is an optional layer of bonding material. This bonding layer is commonly composed of an adhesive that serves to bond layers of wire together after coils are formed.

Coil Pitch:

Xx

Feedback Speed Controller: (Closed Loop Speed Controller)

Controller measures the speed of the motor.

Coulombs: (C) is the SI unit of electric charge

One coulomb is the amount of electric charge transported in one second by a steady current of one ampere.

Delta Connection:

A 3-phase connection where windings are connected in series with the power applied to, or taken from, the junctions (contrasted with star or Y connection). With Delta you get lower voltage but more amps from a generator.

Diameter Ratio (λ):

The ratio of the inside diameter of the rotor? over its outside diameter.

Electrical Angle:

An angle that specifies a particular instant in an alternating-current cycle or expresses the phase difference between two alternating quantities; usually expressed in electrical degrees.

Electronic Power Converter [EPC]:

An electronic device for changing power in one of the following ways: AC/DC power converters, DC/AC power converters, AC/AC power converters, or DC/DC power converters.

Electrotor:

A combined electric motor, gearing if required, and aero-rotor for a rotorcraft. The blade pitch control may or may not be electrical.

End Windings:

The copper wire of the coil outside of the slot and perhaps that outside of the plane of the permanent magnet for slotless windings?

Results in higher copper loss.

Energy: (W) [Joules], One watt is one Joule of energy transferred or dissipated in one second

W = V² * C/2: C = capacitance in Farads

Energy Density: (by volume ~ Wh/l (by mass ~ Wh/kg)

A unit in the category of Energy. It is also known as watt hours. Watt Hour (Wh) has a dimension of ML²T^-2 where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit J by multiplying its value by a factor of 3600.

Farad: (F) the SI unit of capacitance

A Farad is the charge in Coulombs a capacitor will accept for the potential over it to change 1 volt. A Coulomb is 1 Ampere second.

microfarads (μF or MFD), nanofarads (nF), or picofarads (pF), as one, millionths, billionths or trillionths of a farad.

Ferromagnetism:

Ferromagnetism refers to the phenomenon by which ferromagnetic metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt and certain alloys become magnetized in a magnetic field and retain their magnetism when the field is removed.

Field-Weakening:

The introduction of resistance in series with the shunt wound field of a DC motor to reduce the voltage and current which weakens the strength of the magnetic field and thereby increases the motor speed. Is this really the definition that I want?

Flux: (Φ)

Field Flux: (Φ_f) is produced by the coils and flows from + to -.

Magnetic Flux: (Φ_a) is produced by the coils and flows from N to S.

Flux Barrier:

Air gap.

Flux Vector:

Gramme-type Winding:

Air gap.

Halbach Magnet Array:

See; 1530.html

http://www.cip.csiro.au/Machines/papers/DesignOfAnInWheelMotorForASolarPoweredElectricVehicle(IEE).pdf#search=%22%22laminated%20core%22%20%22permanent%20magnet%22%20layer%20stator%20%22axial%20flux%22%22

Hall Effect Sensor:

A Hall effect sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to changes in magnetic field density.

Impedance:

Inductance:

Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)

Wikipedia

Joule:

Laminated Core:

Laminated core eliminates eddy current due to alternating power source.

Left Hand Rule:

If the left thumb points in the direction of electron current (purple arrow), the fingers of the left hand curl around the wire in the direction of the magnetic field. Mobile electrons are the actual moving charges in metals.

Magnet:

The flux travels outside the magnet from the N pole to the S pole.

Magnetic Flux Density (B):

The amount of magnetic flux through a unit area taken perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux. Also called magnetic induction.

Magnet Leakage Flux:

The magnet flux that jumps from one magnet to the next in the air gap without passing into the stator.

Magnetic Pitch:

xx

Magnetic Skew:

xx

Magnetic Slot Wedges:

Supplier: http://www.camawi.com/page3.html

Magnetic Span:

Xx

Microcontroller:

http://www.answers.com/topic/microcontroller

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET)

Wikipedia: Also look at; - Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)

Motor Constants:

Ke = V/Krmp
Kt = lb-in/A

Outrunner Configuration:

In the 'outrunner' configuration, the radial-relationship between the coils and magnets are reversed; the stator coils form the center (core) of the motor, while the permanent magnets spin on an overhanging rotor which surrounds the core. In all BLDC motors, the stator-coils are stationary.

Permanent Magnet DC motor (PMDC):

The field is created by permanent magnets.
The higher the armature voltage, the faster the rotation. This relationship is linear to the motor's maximum speed.

Poles:

Refers to the number of magnetic poles arranged on the rotor of the brushless motor. Unlike an AC motor, the number of poles has no direct relationship to the base speed of the motor.

Pole Pairs: (p)

The rotor is made of permanent magnet and can vary from two to ???? pole pairs with alternate North (N) and South (S) poles. One half the number of poles.

Pole Pitch:

The angle between adjacent poles of the same polarity on the rotor of a Permanent Magnet motor. The pole pitch determines the full step angle of a Permanent Magnet motor.

Pulse Width Modulation: [PWM]

Used in sinewave operation.

Radial Flux:

xx.

Resistance:

Represents a measure of how much the material resists the flow of current. Ohms

Sinewave:

xx

Slot Pitch:

The center to center distance between two slots. But what is this on an axial stator?

Soft Magnetic Composites:

Shape capability and unique magnetic properties make components produced from SMC's good alternatives to lamination stack technology.

Stator:

Core.

Yoke. What is the difference?

Reluctance:

A measure of the opposition to magnetic flux, analogous to electric resistance.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reluctance

Rotor Yoke:

xx

Slots:

xx

Speed - Frequency Relationship:

f = n X p / 60: f = cycles per second; n = revolutions per minute; p = pairs of poles

Squarewave:

Squarewave machine (trapezoidal machines)

Transverse Flux Machine: [TFM]

Salient Pole:

(electromagnetism) A structure of magnetic material on which is mounted a field coil of a generator, motor, or similar device.

Stator Yoke:

I think that this is the complete laminate unit.

Star Connection:

A Y-shaped (Wye) connection in a three-phase load where one terminal of each phase is connected to a common point which is neutral. Also called Y-connection. With star you get higher voltage but less amps.

Tape Wound / Strip Wound:

Core of the stator.

Torus Motor:

The windings have the shapes of doughnuts and the laminate core does not have/require notches.

Transverse Flux Machine:

Design of a novel transverse flux machine

Unipolar Switching: [Motor control]

A drive that is capable of driving phase current in only one direction.

Variable Frequency Drive:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Frequency_Drive

Watt (W)

The unit for measuring power. In physics terms, one watt is one Joule of energy transferred or dissipated in one second. Electrical power is calculated as: Watts = Volts x Amps x Power Factor.

Wye Configuration, Star Connection (y):

With Wye you get higher voltage but less amps from a generator.

Winding Configuration: