Item 1903
OTHER:
Miscellaneous - Thoughtless Idea - Engine for Intermeshing Rotors
Concern:
The pair of impellers on a Roots blower are rotationally interlocked by conventional gears. I assume that this is done so that they rotate at exactly the same speed. The impellers below not use rotation to create pressure. They use pressure to create rotation. This may or may not negate the need for inter gearing, but it possibly means that there could be pulsation and there could be higher friction.
See the sketch in Alternative 3 below. The twist of the gears maybe done so as to assure that the interacting edges on the face of the gears do not cause a problem.
Objective:
A simple and very lightweight rotor and drive assembly for an intermeshing personal microlight helicopter
Drawing:
Alternative 1
~ with two rotary lobe wheels direct driving the aero-rotors.
OOP! There maybe a flaw. The two rotary lobe wheels are not in the same plane.
Vertical angular shaping of the teeth and the containment walls may solve this.
If not then there must be a wide stagger; see Alternative 2 below, or it must be the coaxial configuration; see
.OTHER: Miscellaneous - Thoughtless Idea - Engine for Coaxial Rotors
Alternative 2
~ with four smaller rotary lobe wheels. The outer wheels direct driving the aero-rotors.
Alternative 3
~ Conventional Roots blower with its 3 lobes. This will provide a larger surface area for the high-pressure air.
Description of Features:
The 'engine' works on the principal of Roots blowers, See; http://www.mekanizmalar.com/roots2.html
This 'engine' consists of a power source and two interlocking lobed wheels.
The interlocking lobed wheels also synchronize the two rotors.
The one-piece housing provides;
- The outer wall of the enclosure for the decompressing gas.
- The rigid structure that holds the two aerodynamic rotors.
- The attachment point for the control arms and the gimbal to the tripod supports or lightweight fuselage.
- All spent air exhausts to the back of the craft, including any air that slides past the lobes due to imperfect sealing. This will provide some forward propulsion.
- The energy is provided by one or more lightweight composite pressurized air tanks mounted to the fuselage [see method D below] or by a fuel tank and 'engine' that converts the fuel to pressurized gas [see Method B below].
Ideas for Consideration:
Consider 3 lobes per rotor and give the rotor 3 blades that are located above the three lobes, to minimize the effect of down wash from the blades of the other rotor.
Consider 8 lobes per rotor and give the rotor 2 blades that are located above every second lobe, to minimize the effect of down wash from the blades of the other rotor.
Alternative 2 will allow the lateral distance between the rotors to be greater and some dimension will allow for both rotor disks to be horizontal.
Have the exiting air contribute thrust so as to contribute to the forward velocity of the craft.
- All or a portion of this exiting air might be directed down the blade to be discharged at the blade tip. However, the are must not be very hot.
- It could be easily be arranged that the transmission of the air from the blades tip (or root) could be done only when the blades are on the advancing side. This idea could be combined with this idea
OTHER: Miscellaneous - Thoughtless Ideas - Root Turbofan Rotor
Methods of Providing Power for the Rotors:
The following is copied from
OTHER: Miscellaneous - Thoughtless Idea - Engine for Coaxial Rotors.
Method A:
Water <--> Steam
- High temperature water is metered into the high-pressure area, where it is immediately converted to steam. The pressure is exerted against lobes of the Roots type gears. It rotates the eight Root gears marked 'Lobe A' in a CCW direction and the eight Root gears marked 'Lobe B' in a CW direction. Lobe gear A is connected to a lower pinion gear A and lobe gear B is connected to upper pinion gear B.
- This means that all eight lower pinions rotate counter clockwise. About these eight pinions and in contact with them is an internal ring gear and it will rotate CCW, at a slower rotational speed. . The internal ring gear is directly connected to the lower rotor, which also rotates CCW. Conversely, the upper rotor is drive CW, and identically by the upper pinions and upper internal ring gear.
- Consideration Regarding the Recirculation of Steam back to Water.
- The spent steam is gathered in the collector, converted to water and then re injected in a metered amount back into the high-pressure area.
- The heat required to convert the water to steam may come from any device that is capable of converting stored energy into heat.
- Review and evaluate
enthalpy of vaporization to see if recirculation is a viable option. If not eject the stem in a direction that contributes to; rotation of the rotors, forward thrust or flight-control.
Method B:
Combustion
- Two, or more, elements are converted into a gaseous state in or before the high-pressure area. [see; 'Source of High-Pressure Gas' below] This gas drives the lobes as per method A. The gas is then exhausted to atmosphere, or alternatively, passed down and out of the blades, thereby providing some additional rotational force.
- Could the gasoline and air be combined, compressed and ignited by a chamber that works similar to a tuned exhaust or by a type of 'engine' which consists of two pistons on a common connecting rod in a common cylinder firing on a two-stroke basis.
Method C: Combined Combustion plus Water <--> Steam
- Can water be introduced into the high-pressure area wherein it is turned into steam. The combined gas and steam create the pressure, which drives the lobes. The fuel flow and the water flow are adjusted to provide the desired power while also optimizing the expansion of the combined gas and steam for the minimum expenditure of fuel and water. To reframe this; ~ the intent is to maximize the power while minimizing the heat loss.
- The final work of the expended gas and condensing steam might be that of taking the water up to a temperature just be low that of its conversion to steam.
- Another possibility is that of reintroducing condensed water back into the 'water tank'. This condensing steam may also reduce the back preasure on the lobes.
Method D: Compressed gas
- A carbon filament wound cylinder that discharges a gas or air via a regulator into the high-pressure area. See air car on web.
- Perhaps the gas that has exited the 'engine' can pass into the blade to drive a cold tip jet or root jet.
- Perhaps this gas that has exited the 'engine' can be used to provide flight-control,
- A small pressurized tank of air could be included for emergency loss of power.
Supporting Information for Methods A, B and C:
Detailed Information:
(rough working notes ~ 'cause I've got a lot to learn)
A circulatory system. Consider having the following three zones.
- Expansion zone:
The liquid is injected at a controllable rate and converted to a gas by a heater. It is then ejected by driving the lobes.
- Contraction zone:
(collector) The pressure of this zone is regulated to control the rate of condensation. The liquid is injected into the Intermediate zone.
- Intermediate Zone:
The temperature and the pressure of the liquid is increased in preparation for re injection into the expansion zone. This zone is probably necessary because the boiling temperature is above the surrounding temperature. A thought ~ the more that this 'system' can be isolated from the surrounding temperature. the more ....????....
The idea (hope) is to continually convert the substance between a liquid state and a gas state, while minimizing the amount of energy required to do this. I.e. the smallest temperature differential.
Changes of State:
- Other liquid/gas substances (what is the correct word?) should be considered.
Physical properties of gases
- The surfaces of the lobes must be coated in a material that has low heat absorption. Perhaps boron might do. This is necessary so that the lobes do not cool when on the discharge side and then cause some of the gas to condense on them when on the pressure side.
- The change between the boiling temperature and the condensation temperature.
the melting point and boiling point at normal air pressure
Could an automotive injector be used to vaporizes 'the liquid' and spray it onto a heated surface, which will immediately boil the vapor?
Possible weird thought; If the 'substance' were capable of having a boiling point near room temperature then would the work to convert it to a gas and the work to convert it to a liquid be quite similar ?????
Electricity:
It would probably be ridiculous to use electricity to heat the 'substance'. Just use the electricity directly to drive an electric motor.
Sterling Engine:
- Would a Sterling Engine provide the high-pressure gas for the engine on this page? See this file; 1311.pdf From Pascal.
Primary Questions:
.
Does this proposed method have a thermodynamic and mechanical efficiency that equals or surpasses current power sources?
If 1 is positive, then; does this proposed method have a weight that is equal to or less then the current power source?
If 2 is positive, then; does this proposed method have a reliability that is equal to or surpasses current power source?
If 3 is positive, then; why is this proposed method not being built. 
Potential Advantages:
- The weight should be less than that of an internal combustion engine, transmission and power train.
This depends on what provides the pressurized gas.
- There are multiple load paths between the high pressure and the direct driving ring (internal) gear at each rotor.
- The pressure on the lobe sets will be balanced since the air pressure has equal distribution. This may vary slightly depending on the azimuth of the lobes, however it does not represent a shock load.
Notes:
Yaw Control Idea: Could yaw be controlled, at least while the motor is operational, by exhausting the spent gas out of rearward facing vents. There would be one vent on each side of the craft and yaw would be achieved by proportioning the gas venting between the two vents. Both vents would release an equal amount of gas during forward flight and thereby provide some propulsion.
Additional Power Extraction: (wild idea) Could the vents be made more efficient by including a sort of turbofan arraignment so that more thrust can be extracted from the 'exhausts'?
Hover versus Cruise: During hover the spent exhaust could be vented from the trailing side of the root of all blades. This will contribute slightly to the rotation of the rotors. During cruise it would be detrimental to exhaust are from the trailing side of the root of the retreating blade since the 'push' of the air is opposing the forward flight. Therefore, during cruise all of the exhaust should be vented from the trailing side of the root of the advancing blade only.
- This azmithual distribution of thrust is also a primary component of the proposed Root Turbofan Rotor.
Potential Disadvantages:
- There have been many somewhat similar idea and it appears that they have limited efficiency due to the problem of sealing the area between the moving part and the housing (i.e the problem that is solved buy the piston rings on a conventional reciprocating engine).
Perhaps this engine has a small advantage in that the exhaust can be utilized in 'root' jets to rotate the rotors.
- There are a lot of gears; in fact many more than in a conventional transmission.
This may be OK since these gears a basically independent from each other. It should be possible to assure that the failure of one is not detrimental to the operation of the others.
Homologous 
Method:
Source of High-Pressure Gas:
Loud Mouth Free Piston Engine:
from Pascal
Coruis Engineering & Assoc. and Dynacam.bmp
Both files in -> C://Helicopter/Misc Files/ Coruis.pdf and Dynacam.bmp
Free Piston Engine Patents: from Pascal
US4589380[1].pdf
US4803960.pdf
US4924956.pdf
US5144917.pdf
US5174117.pdf
US5829393.pdf
US6349682.pdf
US6389811.pdf
US6431146.pdf
US1657641[1].pdf
US1785643[1].pdf
US2473204[1].pdf
US2711719[1].pdf
US2944535[1].pdf
US6694930.pdf
And pictures in 4/29/2009 10:17 AM e-mail from Pascal.
Alternative:
Mentioned by quadrirotor on Rotary Wing Forum.
The two ideas represent opposite approaches. High pressure & low velocity versos low pressure & high velocity.
The turbine will require the additional weight and moving parts of a 2 or 3 stage reducer, plus the gearing to drive the other counter-rotating rotor.
Similar Motor for Coaxial Rotors:
OTHER: Miscellaneous - Thoughtless Idea - Engine for Coaxial Rotors
Alternative Drives:
OTHER: Helicopter - Inside - Coaxial - Electrotor ~ MicroLite C
OTHER: Helicopter - Inside - Coaxial - Electric Motor Located in Rotors
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Initially displayed: January 23, 2010 ~ Last Revised: August 11, 2011
The above utility invention is openly and publicly disclosed on the Internet to negate an entity from patenting it, to the exclusion of all others whom may wish to use it. ~ Reference patent law 35 U.S.C. 102 A person shall be entitled to a patent unless - (a) the invention was known ... by others in this country, ..., before the invention thereof by the applicant for patent.